"Mmmmm, beer."

That was Homer Simpson's philosophy and many Americans would agree. One of the great food and drink stories in recent years has been the rapid rise of craft beer. Today, independents represent about eight percent of total U.S. beer sales, and the number of breweries in this country just topped 3,000, a level not seen since the 1870s.

Thousands more breweries are in the works. So are we reaching our saturation point? The nonprofit trade group The Brewers Association certainly doesn’t think so. The group's staff beer economist (best title ever) calls the growth a “craft beer non bubble.” The group points out there are 7,000 wineries in the U.S., yet very little talk of a wine bubble.

Craft beer is in many ways a reflection and driver of the local food movement. In an age of massive corporate brands, people are thirsty for experiences like riding your bike to the local brewpub and quaffing a beer produced there. The beer boom has not only created jobs, but also played a key role in the rise of local restaurant scenes and neighborhood revitalization.

Yet how local is your beer? Most wines are grown on local estates, but the ingredients in beer often come from a catalogue. It can be difficult to find locally grown hops, barley and other ingredients in the U.S. and Canada. North American hop production is concentrated in the Pacific Northwest, while a lot of barley comes from the Dakotas.

But brewers are beginning to seek out more local ingredients. The rise of the local food and drink movement has led to a surge in beer made with items like local honey, fresh fruit or local “wet” (green) hops. Also, an increasing number of breweries are trying to source items such as local barley.

Beer explosion in the Twin Cities

In 2013, 14 new craft breweries opened in the Twin Cities. So did Minneapolis’ first micro-distillery, Norseman Distillery. Many of the startups take pride in incorporating local ingredients into their creations. While crafting its first batch of Strawberry Rhubarb Gin this spring, Scott Ervin, Norseman’s founder and head distiller, put out a call on Facebook for more local rhubarb.
 
Summit Brewing Company, which has been crafting beer since 1986 and is often credited with introducing microbrewing to the Twin Cities, has long been crafting seasonal and specialty brews with homegrown ingredients. Last summer, Summit’s State Fair IPA, available only in its booth at the Minnesota State Fair, incorporated corn and wild rice from Minnestalgia Foods, raw wildflower honey from Bare Honey, and Cascade hops from Hippity Hops Farms.
 
Back in 2010, Summit brewed an Imperial Pumpkin Porter with organic pumpkins grown on the Wisconsin farm of a packaging line employee. This year’s brew in Summit’s ongoing Unchained Series, Herkulean Woods, is being made with maple syrup from Wild Country in Lutsen, Minnesota, and spruce tips from Iowa.
 
Summit has also “worked with Rahr Malting in Shakopee as our primary maltster since the early days of our brewery,” explains Carey Matthews, Summit’s marketing coordinator. “They are using malt from North America and doing the malting on site at their Minnesota facility.”
 
The reason for sourcing locally is simple: “We try to partner with Minnesota companies as much as possible,” Matthews says. “We value working with our neighbors and contributing even more to the local economy!”
 
Matthews regrets, however, that there aren’t “barley or hops farms in Minnesota that can support large scale commercial brewing needs” like Summit’s. Still, for home brewers who want to volunteer, the Longfellow Community Garden in Minneapolis has a plot solely devoted to growing hops. Later this summer, the gardener/brewers will reap their reward.
 
The brainchild of Andrew Schmitt, executive director of the Minnesota Beer Activists, the community hops garden was planted last year with donated cuttings now growing on 16-foot arbors (donated by Hippity Hops) and an aluminum-cabling-and-twine trellis to hold them aloft. To water the hops, the volunteers create a rainwater catchment system that collects rain off nearby buildings.
 
“Beer is fundamentally a community beverage,” Schmitt says, “and with this hops garden we’re extending the community aspect of beer right down to how the hops are grown.”
 
“Everyone is excited about brewing beer with hops this fall that are fresh, right off the plant,” he adds. “I would love to see our community hops garden start a movement in other cities.”

Brewing innovation in Philly

Dock Street Brewing Co., a brewpub on bustling Baltimore Avenue in West Philadelphia, has always prided itself on sourcing locally -- beef for the burgers comes from Lancaster County, and during the warm-weather months the menu bursts with inventive salad specials and veggie-heavy pizzas. That ideology also extends to Dock Street's ever-evolving roster of beers.
 
According to Dock Street's Marilyn Candeloro, the brewhouse purchases almost all of its brewing ingredients domestically (certain recipes do demand the milder English hops). And, when possible, it narrows the food shed even further, incorporating products from Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and even West Philly itself.
 
Every fall, Dock Street brews its wildly popular Satellite Espresso Stout using locally roasted organic fair trade beans from Standing Stone Coffee Company in Huntingdon, PA. The brewery has also teamed up with the Four Seasons Hotel Philadelphia on the limited-run "A Beer Four All Seasons" series.
 
"For those beers, some ingredients were sourced from the Four Seasons," says Candeloro. "It could have been from their rooftop garden or a local purveyor that they work with. For the 'Spanish Fly,' they grew the verbena, the ginger and the wormwood for us." Last year Dock Street tapped a batch of "Born and Raised."
 
"Around fall, all the brewers do a fresh-hopped beer, because that's when the harvest is," explains Candeloro. "It turns out our neighbor Frank Winslow -- who works at Yards Brewing as its quality assurance brewer -- grows his own hops at home, and last year he couldn't use them because he didn't have enough to make a dent in a Yards recipe. So, he gave us the hops. Most often, you're overnighting them from Washington or Oregon, so it was really awesome that we got them right around the corner."
 
Of course all this experimentation is enabled by an increasingly beer-obsessed customer base boasting adventurous palettes.
 
"We have a great audience for the beers we put out," insists Candeloro. "They're very receptive and give us great feedback...People like to connect dots. With the espresso, they like that it's made right in PA. It makes them proud to drink it."
 
In a couple weeks, Candeloro will drive out to New Jersey to pick up a truckload of white and yellow peaches. They'll be roasted in the Dock Street ovens, and thrown into a batch of "Whiter Shade of Pale," a berliner weisse due in late August.

Canada's craft beer culture

Toronto, Ontario is a city where it’s not hard to find a unique craft brew. Over the past few years, craft brewers have been popping up from the west to the east, with each neighborhood slowly having a brewery to call its own. In a city with a passion for local food and local drinks, the rise of craft brew culture has been a welcome edition to the foodie scene.

“The local movement is a good reason why the craft beer movement is doing so well,” says Iain McOustra, the master brewer at Amsterdam Brewery. “People want to know where they’re getting their products from, they want to know the processes and they want to know what’s involved.”

With all these local beers its no wonder craft brewers are turning to local ingredients as well. Amsterdam Brewery is Toronto’s largest craft brewer, and one of the first. The company has always used Canadian raspberries in its popular summer beer Frambroise, which uses 2.2 pounds of fresh raspberries per 750 ml bottle. But about five years ago, Amsterdam started making local ingredients and local partnerships a priority.

Recently, Amsterdam has concentrated its efforts on its unique barrel program and have turned to the Niagara wine region for inspiration. Not only does Amsterdam flavor special brews in wine barrels, but it uses wild yeast grown in the region as a central ingredient.
 
By working with wineries less than an hour away from the city, Amsterdam has been able to be directly involved in the process and thus its customers get to know exactly where the beer and its ingredients are coming from. The brewery works with three vineyards in particular: Southbrook Vineyards, The Organized Crime Winery, and The Good Earth Food & Wine Co.
 
Utilizing these local suppliers helps control the quality of the ingredients, and tells an important part of each beer’s story. For example, Amsterdam will age wort in the middle of a Niagara vineyard for 16 hours before harvesting it in order to capture the taste of the environment. Of course, it also means many beers can only be brewed for a short period of time.

Amsterdam has a wet hop beer that can only be brewed for a one to two week period in late summer. This particular beer is made by taking hops grown in Collingwood directly from the vine and adding them into a kettle and brewing on site. “You don’t get much more local than that in brewing,” McOustra says.

More than a slogan in Cleveland

Walk through any of Cleveland’s percolating neighborhoods and you’re bound to spot brand new breweries and the people who love them. Like many cities, Cleveland is experiencing a bona fide beer boom, with a dozen or so new startups launched or about to launch in the last year alone.

Around here, “Drink Local” is more than a pithy slogan; it’s a delicious directive that encourages craft beer fans to sidestep the macros in favor of their neighbors, and in return, those brewers are going out of their way to do the same.
 
“We like to support small, local, independent producers as much as we can,” says Matt Cole, brewer of one of the winningest IPAs in the nation, Fat Head’s Head Hunter.
 
Cole points to local agricultural products like honey and maple syrup – both produced in abundance in Northeast Ohio – as low-hanging fruit when it comes to buying and using local. The brewery’s Incubus Maple Belgian Tripel is made with maple syrup sourced from nearby Ashland, giving the beer a crisp, sweet finish.
 
The same holds true for honey, which Cole “steals from some very angry bees” at a nearby apiary to brew his popular Bumble Berry Honey Blueberry Ale. “It’s not the cheapest product around, but it’s a great product,” he says. “And it’s a good way to connect with local businesses.”
 
Fat Head’s might be one of the only breweries in the state to crowd source a crucial ingredient. In spring of 2013, the brewery handed out 75 baby hop plants to customers on a first-come, first-served basis. They were given care and feeding instructions and told when and how to harvest the hops. Those fresh hops were collected at the brewery and used to craft Hopportunity Knocks IPA. Of course, those grassroots growers were the first to sample the suds when ready.
 
“The whole exercise was about getting people excited about growing hops at home,” says Cole.

Giving the phrase “fair trade coffee” new meaning, one local brewery paired up with a local coffee roaster to brew a mutually beneficial brew. The Bottlehouse Brewery in Cleveland Heights uses specially roasted Rising Star Coffee in its Rising Star Stout, which it adds in ground form directly to the secondary fermentation. What makes this situation unique is that Bottlehouse doesn’t pay a cent for the pricey ingredient.
 
“We don’t pay anything for the coffee,” explains brewer Brian Benchek. “Instead, we put their name right on the bottle.” The unique relationship introduces the Rising Star brand to Bottlehouse fans, and the Bottlehouse brand to Rising Star supporters.
 
“We try to look for those types of arrangements as often as we can,” he adds.